Information Structure: The Syntax-Discourse Interface (Oxford Surveys in Syntax and Morphology) Review

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Information Structure: The Syntax-Discourse Interface (Oxford Surveys in Syntax and Morphology) ReviewI bought it primarily because it was a required text for the graduate course. Examples are succint and to the point.Information Structure: The Syntax-Discourse Interface (Oxford Surveys in Syntax and Morphology) OverviewThis introduction to the role of information structure in grammar discusses a wide range of phenomena on the syntax-information structure interface. It examines theories of information structure and considers their effectiveness in explaining whether and how information structure maps onto syntax in discourse. Professor Erteschik-Shir begins by discussing the basic notions and properties of information structure, such as topic and focus, and considers their properties from different theoretical perspectives. She covers definitions of topic and focus, architectures of grammar, information structure, word order, the interface between lexicon and information structure, and cognitive aspects of information structure. In her balanced and readable account, the author critically compares the effectiveness of different theoretical approaches and assesses the value of insights drawn from work in processing and on language acquisition, variation, and universals. This book will appeal to graduate students of syntax and semantics in departments of linguistics, philosophy, and cognitive science.

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A Developer's Guide to the Semantic Web Review

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A Developer's Guide to the Semantic Web ReviewNot only does A Developer's Guide to Semantic Web offer an excellent introduction to "what is" Semantic Web, but it also guides the readers onto the "how to" stage with assiduously, almost mind-numbingly easy to understand, step by step coding examples. Needless to say, the author has an amazing grasp of the Semantic web technology himself. Unlike some quite complicated and mind-boggling books on Semantic Web, A Developer's Guide to Semantic Web is easy to comprehend, therefore an outstanding tool. Concepts such as RDF, OWL, SPARQL, and well-known applications such as FOAF, Wiki, DBpedi and LOD are brilliantly illustrated with ample coding examples. The last section of the book weaves all of them together with raw examples of running applications, which are readily available for use. This is a must-read for students, researchers, software engineers and developers who are interested in the Semantic Web technology. Highly recommended.A Developer's Guide to the Semantic Web OverviewCovering the theory, technical components and applications of the Semantic Web, this book's unrivalled coverage includes the latest on W3C standards such as OWL 2, and discusses new projects such as DBpedia. It also shows how to put theory into practice.

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The Semantic Web: Semantics for Data and Services on the Web (Data-Centric Systems and Applications) Review

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The Semantic Web: Semantics for Data and Services on the Web (Data-Centric Systems and Applications) ReviewThis field is abstruse and, one hopes, rapidly evolving because it hasn't really got very far yet. Vipul gives an excellent and balanced overview.The Semantic Web: Semantics for Data and Services on the Web (Data-Centric Systems and Applications) OverviewThe Semantic Web is a vision - the idea of having data on the Web defined and linked in such a way that it can be used by machines not just for display purposes but for automation, integration and reuse of data across various applications. However, there is a widespread misconception that the Semantic Web is a rehash of existing AI and database work. Kashyap, Bussler, and Moran dispel this notion by presenting the multi-disciplinary technological underpinnings such as machine learning, information retrieval, service-oriented architectures, and grid computing. Thus they combine the informational and computational aspects needed to realize the full potential of the Semantic Web vision.

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Modeling & Simulation-Based Data Engineering: Introducing Pragmatics into Ontologies for Net-Centric Information Exchange Review

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Modeling & Simulation-Based Data Engineering: Introducing Pragmatics into Ontologies for Net-Centric Information Exchange ReviewIt is often the case that a new area of inquiry, comprised of elements from seemingly disparate disciplines, yields surprising insights. Zeigler's and Hammonds's effort is no exception. While linguistics has from time to time informed mathematics and computer science, to my knowledge little has been done to date towards the application of semantics and pragmatics to this type of data exchange.
The prose is concise, clear, and conversational. Given the complexity of the two topics and the more or less mutual exclusivity of their lexicons, readers whose experience has been acquired only in the one or the other of these two disciplines will nevertheless quickly become comfortable in this discussion. The authors provide many examples to illustrate their line of reasoning, all drawn from a wide variety of sources.
As an IT professional with 15 years' experience and an advanced degree in a foreign language, I found this book satisfying, illuminating, and provocative. While it is intended to address a specific engineering problem, its implications extend well beyond its stated purview. Heartily recommended for those who would like to think about the synergies of data engineering and pragmatics, and also for those who want to think about what might be beyond the horizon.Modeling & Simulation-Based Data Engineering: Introducing Pragmatics into Ontologies for Net-Centric Information Exchange OverviewData Engineering has become a necessary and critical activity for business, engineering, and scientific organizations as the move to service oriented architecture and web services moves into full swing. Notably, the US Department of Defense is mandating that all of its agencies and contractors assume a defining presence on the Net-centric Global Information Grid. This book provides the first practical approach to data engineering and modeling, which supports interoperabililty with consumers of the data in a service- oriented architectures (SOAs). Although XML (eXtensible Modeling Language) is the lingua franca for such interoperability, it is not sufficient on its own. The approach in this book addresses critical objectives such as creating a single representation for multiple applications, designing models capable of supporting dynamic processes, and harmonizing legacy data models for web-based co-existence. The approach is based on the System Entity Structure (SES) which is a well-defined structure, methodology, and practical tool with all of the functionality of UML (Unified Modeling Language) and few of the drawbacks. The SES originated in the formal representation of hierarchical simulation models. So it provides an axiomatic formalism that enables automating the development of XML dtds and schemas, composition and decomposition of large data models, and analysis of commonality among structures.Zeigler and Hammond include a range of features to benefit their readers. Natural language, graphical and XML forms of SES specification are employed to allow mapping of legacy meta-data. Real world examples and case studies provide insight into data engineering and test evaluation in various application domains. Comparative information is provided on concepts of ontologies, modeling and simulation, introductory linguistic background, and support options enable programmers to work with advanced tools in the area. The website of the Arizona Center for Integrative Modeling and Simulation, co-founded by Zeigler in 2001, provides links to downloadable software to accompany the book.* The only practical guide to integrating XML and web services in data engineering* Introduces linguistic levels of interoperability for effective information exchange* Covers the interoperability standards mandated by national and international agencies * Complements Zeigler's classic THEORY OF MODELING AND SIMULATION

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Burke, War, Words: Rhetoricizing Dramatism (Studies in Rhetoric/Communication) Review

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Burke, War, Words: Rhetoricizing Dramatism (Studies in Rhetoric/Communication) ReviewThis book deserves a much wider audience. It is, first and foremost, a history of aesthetics in the 20th century--about the battle between art for art's sake (New Criticism) and Kenneth Burke's prescient argument that no art is without value judgements, without cultural and sociological biases and blind spots. The New Critics argued that ambiguity or extreme tension made art above politics, always even-handed because it was always ambivalent. This isn't a complete picture because, first of all, only a populace well-situated in terms of material goods and civil rights (well-fed, and with a sense of ease it took for granted because it assumed that sense of ease was universal)could write or read poetry and fiction as mere objects of art. New Criticism also made art hopelessly poised, or equipoised, which is to say inert. And yet Burke WAS a New Critic in his insistence on complexity and irony. He just argued for a more dynamic view of irony: for the fact that even complexity is persuasive; that even a lament or endorsement can be complex, not one-dimensional. Burke's ideas constitute a cultural poetics, and it's a more intellectually sound and generative cultural poetics than the strident New Historicism which emerged decades later. Besides being a history of aesthetics in the 20th century, this book also serves as a biography of Burke--a biography valuable in itself, because Burke will increasingly be seen as one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. The level of research here is mind-boggling, but it's always effortlessly deployed. The book is a serious and seriously good.Burke, War, Words: Rhetoricizing Dramatism (Studies in Rhetoric/Communication) OverviewIn Burke, War, Words, M. Elizabeth Weiser reinserts Kenneth Burke's theory of dramatism into the social milieu from which it originated, fostering a new understanding of how this concept of motivation was itself motivated by war and criticism. Weiser's model of a new approach to historiography contextualizes
Dramatism was a direct response to the global crisis wrought by World War II and to Burke's then-ongoing debates with New Critics, sociolinguists, political activists, and government propagandists over the role of language and communication to affect the world. Central to Burke's germinal volume A Grammar of Motives, dramatism was a call to action advocating informed social dialogue at a time when an allied victory seemed dependent instead on rallying behind a single strong voice in a unity not unlike that mandated by fascism itself. Weiser contends that Burke conceived dramatism as an alternative to New Criticism and as a blueprint for a dialectical resolution that was an antifascist rhetorical response to war.
Weiser draws from published and unpublished communications between Burke and the diverse and divergent literati of his era as well as from Burke's scholarly, political, and even poetic writings of the time. From this context she is able to map the complex arc of formulating A Grammar of Motives in Burke's larger wartime discourse. For Weiser establishing the origins of dramatism offers a model for enhancing our understanding of other rhetorical theories as well as a specific renewal of purpose for dramatism as an action-oriented tool to engage intellectuals in our conflicted age as Burke had envisioned in his.


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A Semantic Web Primer (Cooperative Information Systems series) Review

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A Semantic Web Primer (Cooperative Information Systems series) Review
If you've read about the basics of the semantic web online, you won't get much more from this book. There's only 6 pages devoted to SPARQL, and no mention of RDFa. Later chapters (especially "Ontology Engineering") are thin and weak. You learn the dirt basics, but not how to build anything meaningful with it.A Semantic Web Primer (Cooperative Information Systems series) OverviewThe development of the Semantic Web, with machine-readable content, hasthe potential to revolutionize the World Wide Web and its use. A Semantic Web Primerprovides an introduction and guide to this still emerging field, describing its keyideas, languages, and technologies. Suitable for use as a textbook or for self-studyby professionals, it concentrates on undergraduate-level fundamental concepts andtechniques that will enable readers to proceed with building applications on theirown and includes exercises, project descriptions, and annotated references torelevant online materials. A Semantic Web Primer provides a systematic treatment ofthe different languages (XML, RDF, OWL, and rules) and technologies (explicitmetadata, ontologies, and logic and inference) that are central to Semantic Webdevelopment as well as such crucial related topics as ontology engineering andapplication scenarios. This substantially revised and updated second editionreflects recent developments in the field, covering new application areas and tools.The new material includes a discussion of such topics as SPARQL as the RDF querylanguage; OWL DLP and its interesting practical and theoretical properties; the SWRLlanguage (in the chapter on rules); OWL-S (on which the discussion of Web servicesis now based). The new final chapter considers the state of the art of the fieldtoday, captures ongoing discussions, and outlines the most challenging issues facingthe Semantic Web in the future. Supplementary materials, including slides, onlineversions of many of the code fragments in the book, and links to further reading,can be found at http://www.semanticwebprimer.org.Grigoris Antoniou is Professor atthe Institute for Computer Science, FORTH (Foundation for Research andTechnology-Hellas), Heraklion, Greece. Frank van Harmelen is Professor in theDepartment of Artificial Intelligence at the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, theNetherlands.

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Model Driven Architecture and Ontology Development Review

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Model Driven Architecture and Ontology Development ReviewI am currently reading this excellent book, and I especially like the concept of Modeling Spaces presented in chapter 5. And it is very hard to find books that cover both MDA from OMG as well as W3C's Semantic Web. Much research and development is going on in this field, therefore you might find some parts of this edition somewhat dated.
It is therefore a pleasant surprise to find the second edition of this book published recently by the same authors as "Model Driven Engineering and Ontology Development".
I wholeheartedly recommend this book to anyone with an interest in modeling software and information, but be sure to check out the second edition.Model Driven Architecture and Ontology Development OverviewDefining a formal domain ontology is generally considered a useful, not to say necessary step in almost every software project. This is because software deals with ideas rather than with self-evident physical artefacts. However, this development step is hardly ever done, as ontologies rely on well-defined and semantically powerful AI concepts such as description logics or rule-based systems, and most software engineers are largely unfamiliar with these.Gaševic and his co-authors try to fill this gap by covering the subject of MDA application for ontology development on the Semantic Web. Part I of their book describes existing technologies, tools, and standards like XML, RDF, OWL, MDA, and UML. Part II presents the first detailed description of OMG's new ODM (Ontology Definition Metamodel) initiative, a specification which is expected to be in the form of an OMG language like UML. Finally, Part III is dedicated to applications and practical aspects of developing ontologies using MDA-based languages. The book is supported by a website showing many ontologies, UML and other MDA-based models, and the transformations between them."The book is equally suited to those who merely want to be informed of the relevant technological landscape, to practitioners dealing with concrete problems, and to researchers seeking pointers to potentially fruitful areas of research. The writing is technical yet clear and accessible, illustrated throughout with useful and easily digestible examples." from the Foreword by Bran Selic, IBM Rational Software, Canada."I do not know another book that offers such a high quality insight into UML and ontologies." Steffen Staab, U Koblenz, Germany

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Design Concepts in Programming Languages Review

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Design Concepts in Programming Languages ReviewThe book is about various concepts encountered in various kinds of programming languages: denotational and operational (BOS/SOS) semantics, issues of state and control, type systems, modules, modeling effects and compilation.
Every concept is introduced by defining the semantics of a language that has this concept and exploring the design dimensions and issues of this concept and language.
Concepts are gradually accumulated, and by the time you reach the chapter on modules you've got a CBV language with records, mutable state, polymorphic algebraic data types, a System F type system with type inference and a hint of dependent types, abstract data types and first-class dynamically loadable modules.
The tools used for description are of course the good old denotational and operational semantics and typing judgements and derivation trees; but each element of those is clearly and succintly described in text; it happens to me all the time that I am reading a type reconstruction algorithm and wondering, "why does this rule have that restriction?" and it immediately turns out that in the next paragraph, the authors focus attention on why this rule has that restriction; just like if they were reading my thoughts.
That's why this book feels very comfortable to me: I am absolutely sure that I won't encounter a point where I am lost and buried under the notation; but there is also not a single boring moment.
I've been interested in functional programming and PL theory for 2-3 years already, and here's a brief list of the *new* things that I have learned, at least:
- What do SOS and BOS mean, and why one should care, and what properties a SOS might posess (confluence and normalization, for instance)
- How many features of languages can be defined in terms of simply desugaring, and how in some cases they can't
- How one might use monadic style in the semantics metalanguage to greatly simplify the semantic rules for monadic concepts like state, control and error handling (the authors mention the word "monad" only once, but they use return- and bind-like operators in their semantics)
- How powerful records are, and of what use are operators like "conceal"
- What use is subtyping outside of OOP
- How does one define CPS-style semantics and how such a style allows to add state, control and errors with minimal changes
- How small yet powerful an OOP language core can be
- How algebraic datatypes can be very useful even in a language without static typing
- How pattern matching can be desugared into CPS-style deconstructors
- How many caveats are there in defining typing rules, and how a small change in them can lead to very big changes in language expressiveness
- How HM type inference actually works
- Why purity is important for certain polymorphism issues
- What let-polymorphism means
- What effect systems are
- How effect reconstruction works and how it is different from type reconstruction in nature
- How effect inference can prove the external purity of certain internally impure programs
That's where I finished my reading for now. The remaining looks even more intriguing; for example, I don't (yet) know how functional languages are compiled and how register allocation is done.
I'm afraid to sound like a salesman, but this is absolutely the best-written technical book I have ever seen in my life, and probably the most influential one for me, excluding maybe SICP.Design Concepts in Programming Languages OverviewKey ideas in programming language design and implementation explainedusing a simple and concise framework; a comprehensive introduction suitable for useas a textbook or a reference for researchers.

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