Showing posts with label steven pinker. Show all posts
Showing posts with label steven pinker. Show all posts

Doctor Dolittle's Delusion: Animals and the Uniqueness of Human Language Review

Doctor Dolittle's Delusion: Animals and the Uniqueness of Human Language
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Doctor Dolittle's Delusion: Animals and the Uniqueness of Human Language ReviewProfessor Anderson asserts that Dr. Dolittle might have been able to 'talk to animals' but they could not talk back. I enjoyed Rex Harrison as the kindly animal doc in the Disney movie, and the song in particular. He points out that it was Hugh Lofting's 'fictional' character who could communicate perhaps with all of his animal friends, but they, in turn, were unable to use intelligible language.
I've owned cats on a daily basis for more than twenty-five years now and they do talk to me. They do understand English (I swear) and their meows mean something as well. It's just that I don't know 'cat talk.' It's not merely a response; when Star awakens from a dream, she runs to me with a whole string of meows to be soothed. I explain that it was only a dream and she settles down right away. It's all in the interpretations, usually they want your attention, food, or could be informing you that something may be wrong. She lets me know when she hears an unusual sound. And she minds me real well.
He discusses sign language as a way of communicating with gestures called 'signing,' that apes possibly use a similar way of getting what they need. Frogs make their distinct noises, birds sing, bees buzz and 'dance.' Some birds can talk and mimic humans, but I'm not sure they know what they're doing; it appears they are 'entertaining' to get people's attention.
Understanding of the minds of others emerges in human infancy. Austistic children lack this ability of comprehension. Language skills require interaction with early experience and the autistic child can not express his needs verbally.
Human language is indeed unique, but sometimes regional dialects get in the way. There are so many foreigners in America today, they don't even try to speak English. Why should they? We all talk differently and can hardly understand each other. I remember while growing up in Knoxville that I and my idol, Bob Lobertini (a t.v. personality), had trouble pronouncing the "L" sound. We just left it out. Recently at a dinner, I heard a grown woman call 'salmon' 'samon' and I commented on it. Just because I moved away and learned to enunciate clearly instead of shy mumbling, the natives here assume I'm from "up North." I certainly don't sound like a New Yorker or Pennsylvanian, but I do talk differently -- as we all tend to speak the way we hear others talk, and it "rubs off" after awhile.
It takes intelligence to work through the ambiguities of phrases as units instead of words fitted together to form a sentence. If you move a phrase, it can cause a different meaning to the whole thing, or can clear up any misunderstanding. Many English expressions are ambiguous. But so are the verbs in another language. That's what trips me up.Doctor Dolittle's Delusion: Animals and the Uniqueness of Human Language Overview

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Language in Mind: Advances in the Study of Language and Thought (Bradford Books) Review

Language in Mind: Advances in the Study of Language and Thought (Bradford Books)
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Language in Mind: Advances in the Study of Language and Thought (Bradford Books) ReviewThe model (theory) of the world that an intelligence will form
depends upon the particular representation used by the learner.
(Machine Learning, Tom Mitchell, McGraw Hill, 1997, pgs 65-66)
While this is rigorously true for the learner's INTERNAL
representation (i.e. the language of thought) it will also
apply to NATURAL languages that the agent employs to the
degree that reasoning is performed in the natural language
and/or to the degree to which the natural language mirrors
the language of thought. This dependence of the learner's
understanding of the world on his language may help to
explain why translation between natural languages is so
difficult. Gentner and Goldin-Meadow's book does a good
job of discussing current research in this area.Language in Mind: Advances in the Study of Language and Thought (Bradford Books) OverviewThe idea that the language we speak influences the way we think has evoked perennial fascination and intense controversy. According to the strong version of this hypothesis, called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis after the American linguists who propounded it, languages vary in their semantic partitioning of the world, and the structure of one's language influences how one understands the world. Thus speakers of different languages perceive the world differently.Although the last two decades have been marked by extreme skepticism concerning the possible effects of language on thought, recent theoretical and methodological advances in cognitive science have given the question new life. Research in linguistics and linguistic anthropology has revealed striking differences in cross-linguistic semantic patterns, and cognitive psychology has developed subtle techniques for studying how people represent and remember experience. It is now possible to test predictions about how a given language influences the thinking of its speakers.Language in Mind includes contributions from both skeptics and believers and from a range of fields. It contains work in cognitive psychology, cognitive development, linguistics, anthropology, and animal cognition. The topics discussed include space, number, motion, gender, theory of mind, thematic roles, and the ontological distinction between objects and substances. The contributors include Melissa Bowerman, Eve Clark, Jill de Villiers, Peter de Villiers, Giyoo Hatano, Stan Kuczaj, Barbara Landau, Stephen Levinson, John Lucy, Barbara Malt, Dan Slobin, Steven Sloman, Elizabeth Spelke, and Michael Tomasello.

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The Rise and Fall of Languages Review

The Rise and Fall of Languages
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The Rise and Fall of Languages ReviewR M Dixon is a well known linguist who specializes in the aboriginal languages of Australia. In this captivating book, Dixon presents his theory of punctuated equilibrium (adopted from the idea of the same name by evolutionary theorists Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge) to describe how languages change. Dixon challenges linguists to dedicate more time to the study and description of the thousands of languages on the verge of extinction, rather than devote their energies to arcane formalisms. The author is also highly critical of those historical linguists who claim to have found evidence for the "mother of all languages", accusing them of poor methodology. Historical linguistics involves slow and painstaking analysis of language forms, and Dixon is not the first to chastise newcomers for shoddy work. Dixon's book is not overly technical, and is thus suited for both a professional and a lay audience. Anyone interested in learning more about the evolution of language should read Dixon's latest work.The Rise and Fall of Languages OverviewThis book puts forward a new approach to language change, the punctuated equilibrium model.This is based on the premise that during most of the 100,000 or more years that humans have had language, states of equilibrum have existed during which linguistic features diffused across the languages in a given area so that they gradually converged on a common prototype.From time to time, the state of equilibrium would be punctuated, with the expansion and split of peoples and of languages. Most recently, as a result of European colonization and globalization of communication, many languages face imminent extinction.

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