Showing posts with label methodology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label methodology. Show all posts

On 'What Is History?': From Carr and Elton to Rorty and White Review

On 'What Is History': From Carr and Elton to Rorty and White
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On 'What Is History': From Carr and Elton to Rorty and White ReviewThe book contains a critique of E.H. Carr's and Geoffrey Elton's views on what history is, as well as a discussion of the thinking of philosopher Richard Rorty and the historian Hayden White. The two chapters on Carr and Elton are written in a lively polemical style, and contain interesting and thought-provoking commentary. The author takes a "revisionist" view on Carr, seeing him as not so much a relativist as an advocate for his own left-wing modernity. Elton is dismissed as a shallow die-hard representative of "bourgeois" history. My main two complaints about his argument is that Jenkins doesn't really explain why it is that he thinks that "modernity" is now finished: he just repeats this claim un-reflectively to explain why Carr and Elton are "out of date." His "ideological" claim (also made unconvincingly in the 1991 pamphlet Rethinking History) about history being "always for someone" - and mainstream historians in the British academia necessarily representing the interests of the bourgeoisie - is also left conveniently unexplained. I would still recommend reading the two chapters on Carr and Elton, though. As for the second half of the book - chapters on Rorty and White - I have to say that I struggled through. Discussion of Rorty appears rather irrelevant to any plausible discussion in a history seminar. White's thoughts, despite being hailed by Jenkins as vastly superior to both Carr's and Elton's, are not likely to make a strong impression on students, especially the whole discussion of the "tropological" (hmmm, my spell-checker is underlining this word - it may still be stuck in modernity) aspects of writing history, i.e. the idea that a historian's invention of history depends largely on his or her selection of "tropes" (metaphors, etc.). I wouldn't say that what Jenkins has to say is completely irrelevant (for one thing - and he underscores this - reading his critique raises one's awareness of the possible pitfalls of smuggling ideologically-laid pronouncements into one's writing), I just wouldn't try to teach this to students in any class on introduction to the theory of history. It's a useful read for someone who had spent a few years in the field engaging in the writing of "proper history," much ridiculed by Jenkins.On 'What Is History': From Carr and Elton to Rorty and White OverviewOn `What is History?' provides a student introduction to contemporary historiographical debates.Carr and Elton are still the starting point for the vast majority of introductory courses on the nature of history. Building on his highly successful Rethinking History, Keith Jenkins explores in greater detail the influence of these key figures. He argues that historians need to move beyond their `modernist' thinking and embrace the postmodern-type approaches of thinkers such as Richard Rorty and Hayden White.Through its radical critique of Carr and Elton and its championing of Rorty and White, On `What is History'? represents a significant development for introductory studies on the nature of history.

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Supervision: A Redefinition Review

Supervision: A Redefinition
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Supervision: A Redefinition ReviewSergiovanni and Starratt bring to light wonderful ideas for supervision during the next century. They force the reader to consider doing away with school and evaluations as we currently know them. They suggest moving away from evaluation and instead replacing it with healthy, supportive, and collegial supervision. These are all great ideas based upon what we have seen occur in many business settings.
The only problem I see with the authors' ideas is that one would have to basically recreate education as we currently know it in order to implement their vision of supervision. The change would have to be systemic all the way from the national level to the local levels. However, this may not be a bad thing.
The authors have very enlightening ideas contained in a very thought-provoking bookSupervision: A Redefinition OverviewFirst published in 1971 and now the best known book in the field, Supervision: A Redefinition continues to be the leading text for combining an in-depth view of theory and research for supervision with practical applications. The Seventh Edition continues a thirty-year tradition of breaking new ground by continuously redefining the field of supervision in response to changing school contexts, policies, and realities. The practical applications are supported by a conception of supervision as moral agency. The book continues to promote a new vision, or redefinition, of supervision from that of a top-down activity performed by higher-ups in the school hierarchy, to one in which supervision is a shared activity involving all stake-holders in the school including teachers, administrators, and parents. The book sees schools as communities rather than organizations, and emphasizes the student-teacher relationship rather than bureaucratic functions.

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The Business Value of Agile Software Methods: Maximizing Roi With Just-in-time Processes and Documentation Review

The Business Value of Agile Software Methods: Maximizing Roi With Just-in-time Processes and Documentation
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The Business Value of Agile Software Methods: Maximizing Roi With Just-in-time Processes and Documentation Review
"The business value of agile software methods" is an important book. It takes existing research in the return of agile methods and tries to quantify them into different financial measures. However, I personally was not a big fan of the book as it all felt a little too good to be true. Next to that, the book contained some parts that, in my opinion, are clear misunderstandings about Agile methods. I'll mention some of these at the end of this review.
The book is only about 200 pages and contains 24 short chapters. The initial chapters provide an overview of agile methods, different types, their history and some of the different practices. Chapter 11 does an ... rather interesting... comparison of different agile methods. Chapter 12 discusses what kind of metrics would be applicable for measuring agile methods and why they are different from traditional methods.
Most of the research work starts in chapter 13. This chapter summarizes the results of different agile development surveys that were done. Then chapter 14 introduces cost/benefits of Agile methods (on which the further calculations are based). These are done for five groups "pair programming", "test-driven development," "Extreme Programming," "Scrum," and "Agile Methods (in general)". Chapter 15 discusses the different metrics that will be calculated in Chapter 17-22 which are Cost, Benefit, ROI, NPV, and Real Options Analysis. All chapters show an enormous ROI for implementing agile methods. Chapter 22 summarizes the earlier chapters, 23 does a comparison with traditional methods (CMM) and 24 is a closing chapter that speculates about the future of Agile methods.
When reading this book, I had a couple of annoyances, a couple wrong things, and a couple metrics that seem unbelievable to me.
I'll start with some annoyances. The book is extremely repetitive--it could probably have written in 20% of the current text. The most annoying repetition was the sentence "Agile methods use right-sized, just-enough, and just-in-time x to maximize business value." This sentence is repeated over and over again. I'm not a fan of this kind of popular language, but the repetition made it much worst. Other annoyances were minor. For example the author keeps repeating that a Scrum cycle is 30 days, but then in the Scrum explanation says 2-4 weeks (which is more common nowadays).
Then some misinformed sentences. The description of test-driven development was shallow and missed the design aspect of TDD. For example, the authors state (p38) "test-driven development is a form of dynamic analysis, quality assurance, and verification and validation"... completely missing the -driven part. Similarly, the practice of simple design is not explained well (p51). The authors state that simple design relates to having the fewest number of methods and classes whereas, in my experience, simple design often lead to more methods and classes... just a lot smaller ones. More serious, on p79, the authors propose methods related to working software... but not of the proposed metrics relate to... working software. Instead they suggest metrics such as iteration size, iteration frequency, operational/validated iterations (no clue what that means).
Then to the disbelieve. My first observation was that all the ROI metrics were very positive. For example the ROI of pair programming is 1500% !! I pair program often, enjoy it, and think it has a positive ROI... but 1500% sounds a little high to me. I don't have the facts to challenge this number, its the only number I've seen... it just seems too good to be true. Which does brings me to the subject... it was a little unclear to me what data this was based on.
Even with the above critique, this was not a bad book. Considering that the goal of the book was *not* to describe agile methods but to describe the research of the authors related to the ROI of Agile methods. In fact, this is an important job and will definitively help people who are not interested in knowing the details but need to make decisions on whether to try-out agile development or not. For that reason, I'll go for 3 stars. If you do not have the need to convince anyone with these numbers, then I would not recommend reading this book. If you do need to convince someone, then perhaps the ROI calculations in this book will help.
The Business Value of Agile Software Methods: Maximizing Roi With Just-in-time Processes and Documentation OverviewThe Business Value of Agile Software Methods offers a comprehensive methodologyfor quantifying the costs and benefits of using agile methods to create innovative software products and shows a complete business value comparison between traditional and agile methods. It provides a roadmap for linking agile methods tomajor industry standards such as the project management, systems, and software engineering bodies of knowledge and identifies a set of critical factors for succeedingwith agile methods every time.Key Features:--Identifies the major types and kinds of agile methods, along with the major forms of best practices, as a pretext for mixing and matching them to create super-hybrids--Introduces a complete family of metrics, models, and measurements for estimating the costs, benefits, return on investment, and net present value of agile methods, and includes numerous how to examples--Provides the first comprehensive compilation of cost and benefits data on agile methods from an analysis of hundreds of research studies, and introduces and illustrates the industrys first top-down parametric models for estimating agilemethods costs and benefits--WAV offers numerous free downloadable training and consulting briefings, cost and benefit spreadsheets, release planning templates, metrics for agilemethods, and an ROI/business value calculator available from the WebAdded Value Download Resource Center at jrosspub.com

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Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Analysis (Oxford Studies in Sociolinguistics) Review

Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Analysis (Oxford Studies in Sociolinguistics)
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Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Analysis (Oxford Studies in Sociolinguistics) ReviewFor those involved in the CDA, this book will provide with tools to understand and put into practice CDADiscourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Analysis (Oxford Studies in Sociolinguistics) OverviewAdding a new introduction and two previously unpublished papers, Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysisbrings together van Leeuwen's methodological work on discourse analysis of the last 15 years.Discourse, van Leeuwen argues, is a resource for representation, a knowledge about some aspect of reality which can be drawn upon when that aspect of reality has to be represented, a framework for making sense of things. And they are plural. There can be different discourses, different ways of making sense of the same aspect of reality that serve different interests and will therefore be used in different social contexts.However abstract some discourses are, discourses ultimately always represent doings, van Leeuwen argues. Doing is the foundation of knowing, and social practices are the foundation of discourses.Studying children's books, newspaper reports, brochures and other texts, as well as photographs and children's toys, van Leeuwen investigates what can happen when practices are transformed into discourses and provides analytical tools for reconstructing discourses from texts.Throughout the book, van Leeuwen makes connections between sociological and linguistic or semiotic concepts and methods to ensure the social and critical relevance of his analytical categories.van Leeuwen's work has already been widely used by critical discourse analysts across the world. This volume will be a welcome guide for anyone looking for a form of discourse analysis that is both explicit and methodical, and critically incisive.

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