Showing posts with label ethics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ethics. Show all posts

BEYOND COSMIC DICE Review

BEYOND COSMIC DICE
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BEYOND COSMIC DICE ReviewNow is the time for everyone to read this book. You may not agree with all of it, but discussion about these issues of religion, science, and morality goes beyond being simply relevant and is truly necessary given our current world politics. Beyond Cosmic Dice is an easy read, but densely packed with important ideas. Somehow the authors have managed to pull off making the usually dry subjects of ethics, morality and religion humorous without in any diminishing the serious nature of the discussion. This is actually a page turner! I love the chapter titles, and that irreverence is reflected in the text of the book as well, but without ever being disrespectful toward the long-held beliefs that are being so effectively challenged. If you have ever questioned religion's answers to life's mysteries, then this book is a must read. I do not agree with everything the authors say, but find myself in agreement with their biggest ideas about morality and religion. I loved this book and found it a deeply satisfying read.BEYOND COSMIC DICE Overview"Beyond Cosmic Dice" offers a new perspective on the purpose and meaning of life free from any divine influence. By rejecting the false premises of religion, readers are free to pave their own road for a better life.

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The Language of War: Literature and Culture in the U.S. from the Civil War through World War II Review

The Language of War: Literature and Culture in the U.S. from the Civil War through World War II
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The Language of War: Literature and Culture in the U.S. from the Civil War through World War II ReviewI do not recommend this book, which is a jungle of deconstructionist jargon in which there are a few lucid lakes in plain English containing important quotes and insights about the challenge of war to morality. The theme is that war has always challenged the rule of law (Cicero: "Silent enim leges inter arma" -- in time of war the law is silent [pg. 200]) and the fog of war confuses any sense of moral rectitude and certainty (Clausewitz: "`In the conduct of war, perception cannot be governed by laws.' War produces `a kind of twilight, which, like fog or moonlight, often tends to make things seem grotesque.'" -- I had not appreciated that Clausewitz applied "the fog of war" far beyond the battlefield.). For those who believe that language defines thought and law and culture (as Dawes does), war tortures language to such a degree that it must be reconstructed (in literature) after the war's end to return to a sense of moral meaning to life. I do not share his views, as I find a greater meaning and deception in the power of symbols than in the power of words. Further, he seems to believe in an idealistic precision of language, and is perplexed, not by change, but by the twists of ambiguity that war engenders. For my part, I find that the flexibility of language allows it to cover the unparseable complexity of the real world, with the down side that humans can sea-lawyer their way out of almost any intended meaning (as in the application of the Geneva Conventions -- Dawes cites the Netherlands attempted refusal to classify Indonesian prisoners in the 1950 war as Prisoners of War under the convention of 1949 because the convention states that it should apply "even if the state of war is not recognized by one of [the parties]" -- it did not say "one or more" and neither side did... The pressure of the international community forced them to back down, and the wording of the COnvention was subsequently changed. [pg. 206])
His thesis: in the literature of the U.S each major war has brought forth authors with a different post-war perspective which has revised the language and its use (Catch-22: "` Didn't they show it to you?' Yossarian demanded, stamping about in anger and distress. `Didn't you even make them read it?' `They didn't have to show us Catch-22, the old woman answered. `They don't have to.' `What law says they don't have to. What law says they don't have to?' `Catch-22.'" [pg 180] -- la plus ça change...). The book is interesting for calling one's attention to such forgotten passages as this one that are so relevant today, and particularly for his deconstructive analysis of Hart Crane and Hemmingway...
However, his "insights" are not at all original or exceptional (although our present regime in its war enthusiasm blithely ignores them and their implications). They are certainly hard won for the author through the obscurity of the borrowed jargon he uses in his approach to literature -- and thus the more so for the reader.The Language of War: Literature and Culture in the U.S. from the Civil War through World War II Overview
The Language of War examines the relationship between language and violence, focusing on American literature from the Civil War, World War I, and World War II. James Dawes proceeds by developing two primary questions: How does the strategic violence of war affect literary, legal, and philosophical representations? And, in turn, how do such representations affect the reception and initiation of violence itself? Authors and texts of central importance in this far-reaching study range from Louisa May Alcott and William James to William Faulkner, the Geneva Conventions, and contemporary American organizational sociology and language theory.

The consensus approach in literary studies over the past twenty years has been to treat language as an extension of violence. The idea that there might be an inverse relation between language and violence, says Dawes, has all too rarely influenced the dominant voices in literary studies today. This is an ambitious project that not only makes a serious contribution to American literary history, but also challenges some of the leading theoretical assumptions of our day.
(20021001)

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Perfection: Coming to Terms with Being Human Review

Perfection: Coming to Terms with Being Human
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Perfection: Coming to Terms with Being Human ReviewI think Michael Hyde is one of the most brilliant minds in his subject area. When I attended Wake Forest some 12-14 years ago I had the honor of taking a linguistics class which he taught. To this day, he is one of the only professors I can remember by name. The other reviewer should have read the product description before purchasing, as it clearly states, "he ponders the consequences of the perfection-driven impulse of medical science." You can not get a clearer explanation of what to expect in terms of subject matter.Perfection: Coming to Terms with Being Human OverviewIn a masterful survey of the history of the idea of human perfection, prize-winning author and noted rhetorician Michael J. Hyde leads a fascinating excursion through Western philosophy, religion, science, and art. Eloquently and engagingly he delves the canon of Western thought, drawing on figures from St. Augustine and John Rawls to Leonardo da Vinci and David Hume to Kenneth Burke and Mary Shelley. On the journey, Hyde expounds on the very notion and Otherness of God, the empirical and ontological workings of daily existence, the development of reason, and the bounds of beauty. In the end, he ponders the consequences of the perfection-driven impulse of medical science and considers the implications of the bourgeoning rhetoric of our posthuman future. It is nothing short of a triumphant examination of why we humans are challenged to live a life of significant insignificance.

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Loving Animals: Toward a New Animal Advocacy Review

Loving Animals: Toward a New Animal Advocacy
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Loving Animals: Toward a New Animal Advocacy ReviewThis very odd book is being marketed as a debunking of an animal-rights position based on "analytical philosophy," one that recommends replacing it with narrative (stories about how we love animals) and an Eastern idea of "connectedness." A couple of things make this strange. One is that she's attacking something of a straw man-- while I think it's the PETA position on pets that is her target (?), the argument for animal rights is far-ranging, and certainly people who have been advocating for decades against factory farms on the basis of environmental damage, or for apex predators because of the roles they play in ecosystems, will be bemused to discover that they need to learn about "connectedness." There are also worrying implications for basing animal rights on the animals we love AND THAT CAN LOVE US-- a problem beautifully portrayed by Jonathan Safran Foer in just a couple of pages in Eating Animals as he describes Germans rallying to save Knut the polar bear-- while eating sausages. What does this do for animals that don't love us back (snakes, frogs)? For animals we have scary stories about (sharks)? Doesn't it make more sense to organize against factory farms by joining animal rights to those concerned about environmental impacts and the treatment of illegal workers, rather than appealing to a love for pigs, which not everyone shares (hey, some of us aren't even fond of dogs)? And didn't we already have this in the 80s with the save-the-panda phenomenon, and leave it behind as animal rights folks clued in to environmentalism and ecosystems?
Rudy certainly is personally engaged and emotionally committed to her positions, and some readers may enjoy the very personal accounts here, but I found that element the most disturbing part of the book. She concludes with a story about her dogs, in which she explains how her pit bull mix attacked and almost killed another dog to show dominance, how it didn't obey her release command during the attack, how it doesn't even obey "sit" sometimes, and how... she has a ten-year-old walk it. I want to know if this ethicist has told that child's mother that the dog has attacked a pet in the past and doesn't obey commands even from its owner, but instead she explains what was in the dog's mind during the attack, "how she came to her decision," and that the dog has a "sense of satire." This level of extreme anthropomorphization is her proposed replacement for the clear reasoning, analytical philosophy, and understanding of environmental impact currently offered by the animal rights movement. It doesn't seem like much of an alternative, really.Loving Animals: Toward a New Animal Advocacy Overview
The contemporary animal rights movement encompasses a wide range of sometimes-competing agendas from vegetarianism to animal liberation. For people for whom pets are family members—animal lovers outside the fray—extremist positions in which all human–animal interaction is suspect often discourage involvement in the movement to end cruelty to other beings. In Loving Animals, Kathy Rudy argues that in order to achieve such goals as ending animal testing and factory farming, activists need to be better attuned to the profound emotional, even spiritual, attachment that many people have with the animals in their lives.

Offering an alternative to both the acceptance of animal exploitation and radical animal liberation, Rudy shows that a deeper understanding of the nature of our feelings for and about animals can redefine the human–animal relationship in a positive way. Through extended interviews with people whose lives are intertwined with animals, analysis of the cultural representation of animals, and engaging personal accounts, she explores five realms in which humans use animals: as pets, for food, in entertainment, in scientific research, and for clothing. In each case she presents new methods of animal advocacy to reach a more balanced and sustainable relationship association built on reciprocity and connection.

Using this intense emotional bond as her foundation, Rudy suggests that the nearly universal stories we tell of living with and loving animals will both broaden the support for animal advocacy and inspire the societal changes that will improve the lives of animals—and humans—everywhere.


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Human: The Science Behind What Makes Us Unique Review

Human: The Science Behind What Makes Us Unique
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Human: The Science Behind What Makes Us Unique ReviewTo understand human social behavior it is necessary to be familiar with most (if not all) of the material Michael Gazzaniga covers in this seminal summary of how humans are alike and different from other animals. Since Dr. Gazzaniga is not only a pioneering neuroscientist, but also an accomplished writer noted for his ability to render scientific material understandable and entertaining, there is likely no better way to become familiar with leading edge thinking on human behavior than by reading "Human: The Science Behind What Makes Us Unique."
Dr. Gazzaniga's stance (as proclaimed in the Prologue) is that although most human activity can be related to antecedents in other animals, somewhere in the evolution of our brain the equivalent of a "phase shift" occurred and we became unique: His rallying cry is "... let us start the journey of understanding why humans are special, and let's have some fun doing it." "Human" succeeds in doing that throughout its nine chapters.
All of the recent discoveries and salient theories from the fields of neuroscience, molecular biology, genetics, evolutionary and cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence (among others) are presented in a cogent and evenhanded way; whenever Dr. Gazzaniga favors one theory over another, he carefully explains why, and the result is that readers can weigh the data and various viewpoints themselves to improve their comprehension of human behavior.
The final chapter looks into the near future and considers likely advances in the emerging neuroprosthetic fields, where brain signals are tapped to control prosthetic devices; in robotics and artificial intelligence, where manmade devices take over Man's "dull, dangerous, or dirty" chores; and in gene therapy and "genetic engineering," where the Pandora's Box of manipulating our very nature may be creaking open. Dr. Gazzaniga's extensive work with the Council on Bioethics (which led to a previous book, "The Ethical Brain") makes him almost uniquely qualified to address the promises and dangers of gene manipulation.
And, yes, a summary can indeed be "seminal" if it brings together findings from many disciplines, lays them out in parallel, and shows how they have a common thread and converge toward a common conclusion.
Adam Leonard (Author of "Man by Nature: The Hidden Programming Controlling Human Behavior.")
Human: The Science Behind What Makes Us Unique Overview

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Survival of the Savvy: High-Integrity Political Tactics for Career and Company Success Review

Survival of the Savvy: High-Integrity Political Tactics for Career and Company Success
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Survival of the Savvy: High-Integrity Political Tactics for Career and Company Success ReviewThe Four Star rating indicates my respect for what Brandon and Seldman accomplish in this volume. However, I wish they had developed several of their core concepts in much greater depth and with tone and diction worthy of those insights. I groaned when encountering clunkers such as "Get off that river in Egypt -- De-Nile!" because Brandon and Seldman are not "teaching synchronized swimming in a shark tank!" Then "Merge into the Savvy Zone" while recognizing the importance of "Different Strokes for Different Folks." (I'm not making this stuff up. It's in the book.) That said, Brandon and Seldman generally succeed when recommending and then explaining "high integrity political tactics for career and company success."
When reflecting on his career, President Harry S Truman proudly described himself as a politician, reputedly claiming that politics "is the art of the possible." It should be added that throughout Truman's public service, his personal integrity was impeccable. Brandon and Seldman make two obvious but important points: Like it or not, politics are inevitable when two or more -- and especially when three or more -- people are involved, and, it is nonetheless possible to be (as was Truman) an effective politician without compromising one's integrity. In fact, as Jim O'Toole asserts in The Executive's Compass: Business and the Good Society as does David Maister in Practice What You Preach: What Managers Must Do to Create a High Achievement Culture, those whose lives are guided and informed by admirable values (e.g. honesty, loyalty, decency, trustworthiness) will achieve much greater success than will those whose lives aren't. Therefore, the "savvy" executive is one who combines high principles with street smarts. No news there.
What gives substantial value to this book is Brandon and Seldman's clever use of various devices with which their reader can conduct a self-audit. Long ago, after a substantial increase of tuition at Harvard, hostile parents confronted then president Derek Bok. His response: "If you think education is expensive, try ignorance." I thought of that comment as I examined the various self-diagnostic elements in this book. Two of the most damaging forms of ignorance are (a) not knowing what you need to know and (b) assuming what you think you know...but don't. To their credit, Brandon and Seldman make a rigorous effort to help their reader to reduce (if not eliminate) both forms of ignorance. Politicking, gossip, self-serving motives, back-stabbing, betrayals of confidence, etc. are harsh realities in almost any organization. Brandon and Seldman can help principled people to cope effectively with those realities. To me, that is this book's greatest benefit. Also, I strongly recommend that readers complete the comprehensive, self-scoring assessment tool and interpretative guide which Brandon and Seldman offer. How to obtain one? The authors explain on page 277.
As indicated earlier, I think the quality of thinking and (especially) the quality of writing in this book are too often a distraction from the quite important convictions and counsel which the authors share. Over-heated diction and under-developed ideas in combination with clichés prevent me from giving this book a higher rating.Survival of the Savvy: High-Integrity Political Tactics for Career and Company Success Overview

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